History and culture of the fan
The fan guides the wind articles, the indispensable thing in summer. Chinese fan culture has deep cultural inside information, it is every one of the national culture that becomes some, it is closely linked to bamboo culture, Buddhism culture. Always China is praised as and make the claiming of the fan kingdom. The main material of fan is: Bamboo, wood, paper, fan, ivory, hawksbill turtle, emerald, birds' long feather, other palm leaf, sesame oil leaf, wheat stalk, the stem or leaf of cattail,etc. can arrange strong or make various in different poses and with different expressions daily craft fan too, model beautiful, the structure is refined, engraved meticulously by the skillful craftsman, carving, hot, boring or celebrity drives quill and writes a poem on occasion to draw a picture, make fan art find oneself greatly elevated in fame and status. Chinese fan culture originated from ancient times, our ancestor, in strong brilliant scorching summer, pursue the leaf of plants or birds' feather conveniently, process briefly, in order to hinder the sun and guide the wind, so the fan hinders claiming, this is the beginning of a fan source of day. The fan has already had a history of 3,000-4,000 years in our country, is developed and improved and improved the fan family that has already developed into hundreds of kinds by the evolution of thousands of years, but total summing up is two big classes; Equal the fan ' It is round fan, palm-leaf fun, wheatgrass fan, jade edition fan,etc.) Non- foldaway, two folding fans can wide open and accept pile freely. It put down fan about it on " Hinder the fan " (palm fan) " Bamboo + victory " (substitute one slice of fans that establishment becomes of bamboo to call anciently " The bamboo + victory " ). The Warring States Qin Chinese period, one half rule shape" Relieve oneself in the surface " It is similar to the univalve door, so also called " A fan " The single door leaf can hide the surface and spy on and become the mainstream of the fan at that time. " Relieve oneself in the surface " It is without exception until thin bamboo strips used for weavings detailed last shape,at to emperor, use by it by common people. And the ancient one hinders the fan, pheasant's fan, it is of daily expenses to cover in order to hinder the dust and have, one kind of the flags, weapons, etc. carried by a guard of honor.

The fan originated from China, had already had a history of more than 3000 years in China. Appear, in Dai Yin, make with the multicoloured wild chicken feather, call it " hinder the fan " first ,So " fan " There is one in the word " The feather " Word. At that time, fan use fan wind fetch cool, go out, sunshade and ward off the wind to avoid the spending of sand make an inspection tour, as emperor. After Western Han Dynasty, the fan began to be used for fetching coolly. Zhu Ge-liang shakes the goose feather fan lightly at the time of the three countries, the wise move is overflowing with, devise strategies at the headquarters. The wind is slow and soft that the feather fan appears, do not enter Cou to pay attention to. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, mostly turn feather fan into manufactured goods such as the silk, silk, damask silk silk gauze, in order to intersperse and embroider the picture. The fan of the shape of bright moon is called it " The fine silk fabrics fan " Or " round fan " ,Call " the silk tree fan " too . There were long and round, sunflower, plum blossom, six mao, round shape of horizontal inscribed board in the fan at that time; Also have handles of material such as wood, bamboo, bone; And the decorations of the fan falls, tassel, jade article. Often embroider with the mountains and rivers flowers on the covering of a fan, the style vies with each other for glamour, the hand round fan of maid of honour of the boudoir pavilion, a cool breeze blows gently, not only can add host's refined and gentle and quiet bearing, can reflect artless and vivacious individual characters of women.
In period of Western Han Dynasty, symmetrical " The silk tree fan " (also call mandarin fan, fine silk fabrics fan, round fan) ,Its shape is still round, the fan characteristic of the silk tree is that one regards fan handle as the pivot, is like the round moon whitely about symmetrically, the fine silk fabrics fan regard wood of bamboo as the shelf, one becomes round or ellipse, paste with the silk of thin silk. It was the most exquisite at that time to take the fine silk fabrics fan made with Central Plains, have " The clear bamboo of neat fine silk fabrics " Saying, mean, make fan Taxi fine silk fabrics fan with Shandong silk and Hunan bamboo. Very prevailing kinds of fine silk fabrics fan this at the Chinese, compose verses, praise its, such as class fan poem of Jie, " Split neat fine silk fabrics fresh and clean like frost snow plain, cut out for silk tree fan, fat, come in and go out you cherish the sleeve newly, shake the breeze to send " . After this kind of symmetry type round fan appears, continue to use and not wane in successive dynasties, become the fan type of the traditional style of our country.

When Qing Dynasty, the covering of a fan of the symmetrical type was besides round, there are long and round, oblate, had an area of, the shape, waist shape, U-shaped that shape of the plum blossom, sunflower shape, melon were insulted It is symmetrical, slim and graceful that these segmental and outstanding characteristics are, the craft is strong.

Folding fan, call anciently " Gather the head fan " ,Or call, let fan go, folding fan, can two amalgamate, belong to one and gain the name draw in, with it. In the Southern Song Dynasty, already there is considerable scale in the production of the folding fan. The folding fan prevails to the Ming Dynasty, call together and order the craftsman in the palace to model the high beautiful fan under Emperor, draw outside craftwork, bring about an advance in domestic fan.

Write a poem on occasion and draw a picture and present it for the first time in the three countries on the fan. " famous paintings through the ages write " loaded with registrar Yang Xiu and Wei TaiZu of MengDe Cao " according to the Tang Dynasty YanYuan Zhang Drawing the fan becomes flies lately " Story. " whether book Wang Xizhi pass the Jin Dynasty " have one Wang Xizhi old woman question much-told tale of fan. There was location at that time " Old mother " ," hold the bamboo fan of six mao and ask the book to Wang Xizhi " ," sunlight it is five words of book " ,When being sell she rise from 12 document to " One hundred documents " . Have in the south of mountain of Ji of Shaoxing of Zhejiang of today " The fan bridge of the question " ,It is Wang Xizhi question fan place according to legend.

When Northern Song Dynasty, carried the extremely convenient folding fan. Folding fan, also let to " gather the head fan " , " spread the fan " Or claim to " gather the carved bone fan " . Precious materials such as useful ox horn of its bone, hawksbill turtle, ivory, emerald, bamboo of princess in Hunan, sandalwood,etc. are made; Form have musical instrument type, satisfactory head, bamboo joint type, grasshopper eyes,etc.; The bone of fan is divided into the amount of share seven, nine, 12, 14, 16, 18.

By the Southern Song Dynasty, the wind drawing the fan, selling the fan, hiding the fan prevails, paving the fan and drawing trader. Question fan picture fans of men of literature and writing became a kind of fashion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yun ShouPing in modern times, Zheng board bridge, gold agriculture, stone great wave, annual to let uncle and ChangShuo, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, Xu Beihong, Fu Wu embrace stone, Li Keran,etc. draw maestro of fan question fan. For the moment, these classics' brush and ink painting fan, each value is up to several tens of thousands, and even hundreds of thousands of yuan.

The covering of a fan enters words picturesquly, make people pleasing, give somebody beautiful enjoyment. Appreciate calligraphy and painting of covering of a fan must be sampled carefully, chew the artistic connotation among them slowly. Mr. Lao She is fond of collecting fan of calligraphy and painting in all one's life, in these decades, he has collected so that there are the fans for several hundred times, among them there are fans that the expert of calligraphy and painting wrote a poem on occasion and drew a picture of Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times, is also fans of calligraphy and painting of distinguished personages of theatrical circles. YiMei Zheng Mr. love fan become addiction, regard fan as " calligraphy and painting all unique treasure " . He treasure seal character fan and Wu lake green fan of calligraphy and painting of May that sail paint of TaiYan Zhang most. Contemporary authoress leaf gentle tinkling of pieces of jade have, hide antique refined and good, calligraphy and painting within the range of her collection also fan. It have with the bookcases of study she covering of a fan,on there will be " fresh breeze " that Liu Haisu inscribe Two words; Feng YouLan inscribed " bright moon " Two words; Pei YanLing wrote " The haphazard stone breaks out the cloud " Four words; The military humour painted of monarch of China is drawn, Cao Yu's poem inscribed on a scroll,etc., the gentle tinkling of pieces of jade of leaf is treasured very much.
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